Rare Earth Master Alloys>

Rare earth master alloys refer to substances with metallic properties composed of rare earth elements and one or several other elements. Also called master alloy. The basic purpose of rare earth master alloy is as rare earth additive. Its production method depends on the raw material conditions and usage requirements, mainly including fusion method, molten salt electrolysis method, metal thermal reduction method and powder metallurgy method.

Before the 1980s, iron and steel metallurgy was the main application field of rare earth master alloys. Although the proportion of rare earth consumption in steel in Western countries has dropped significantly since the mid-1970s, the output of rare earth treated steel in China has increased year by year since the 1990s. The average annual growth rate is 42%. The output of rare earth cast iron in China is also increasing year by year, with an average annual growth rate of about 20%. It can be expected that the growth of rare earth consumption in steel will be maintained until 2000 with the increase of China's steel production and the further promotion of rare earth application in steel.

With the continuous development of rare earth functional materials, new consumer markets have been opened up for rare earth master alloys. The industrialization of rare earth nickel-hydride batteries with no pollution and large electric capacity is emerging in Japan and some countries in Europe and America. This kind of hydrogen storage alloy contains about 33% of lanthanum-rich or cerium-rich mixed rare earth metals. In addition to replacing hundreds of millions of nickel-cadmium batteries, rare earth nickel-hydride batteries will also replace lead that pollutes the environment in motor vehicles. For acid batteries, it is estimated that every 20,000 lead-acid batteries on small electric vehicles will consume 3,000t of mixed rare earth metals. According to resource reports, Japan has built equipment capable of producing thousands of tons of hydrogen storage alloys per year.

In 1985, the hot-dip galvanized alloy named pN Garoufan (Ga/fan) was promoted. This alloy contains 0.05% rare earth metal, 5% Al, and the balance is zinc. It has been sold in some European and American countries, Japan, South Africa and India. It is widely used in surface treatment of sheets, wires and pipes in other countries, so that the service life of steel products is 2-3 times longer than that of ordinary zinc-coated steels. The output of Garoufan alloy steel in Western countries has exceeded 100,000 tons in two years.

Fecralloy steels developed in the United States contain Cr 15%-22%, Al 4%-5% and Y 0.5%-4%. It is a kind of stainless steel that can resist high temperature oxidation and corrosion, and is often used for automobiles. The base of the exhaust gas purifier to replace the traditional ceramic base. By the end of the 1990s, the annual consumption in the United States had reached 8,000t, which is also a new consumer market for rare earth master alloys that cannot be ignored.

In short, with the development of new rare earth materials, the field of application of rare earth master alloys will continue to expand, and the product structure will continue to change according to market demand.

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